Wax therapy for dry feet in leprosy.

A comparative study of the effect of wax therapy and foot soaks on dry plantar skin was conducted in patients with leprosy. Thirty patients with varying grades of fissures and callosities were given wax therapy for feet, and 20 similar patients were given foot soaks. Patients given wax therapy felt subjectively much better than those who had soaking. Healing of cracks and fissures and softening of callosities was observed more frequently in patients with wax therapy. These differences are statistically significant. As an institutional method wax therapy has definite advantages for treating patients with fissures and callosities, whereas soaking of the feet is easy and readily available in patients' homes to restore the dry skin to normal.

Newer designs in foot-wear for leprosy patients.

Micro-cellular rubber (MCR) foot-wear has been used widely over the past several years for the anaesthetic feet of leprosy. Although MCR has got good shock absorbing and moulding qualities, many tend to reject the foot-wear because of the stigma of the disease which it carries. Two newer models of foot-wear which would meet the demands of anaesthetic sole and avoid the stigma because of their resemblance to foot-wear available in the market were tried. Model mark II fulfilled the needs and was acceptable to the patients. Such models must be tried and acceptable and effective foot-wear need to be made available.

Vibration sense and tarsal disintegration.

The extent of loss of vibration and pressure sensations was assessed in 21 leprosy patients with disintegration of the tarsus. Feet which had and did not have tarsal disintegration both showed severe impairment of pressure sensation, but the loss of vibration sense was more severe in feet which had undergone the destructive process. It appears that loss of deep sensation is an important factor in the process of tarsal disintegration in feet which are already anaesthetic. Measurement of vibration sense using a biosthesiometer may be a valuable clinical test in the investigation and follow-up of the patient with the insensitive foot to identify those at risk of developing tarsal disintegration.

Management of tarsal disintegration (T.D.) in leprosy.

Tarsal Disintegration (T.D.) is a known entity occurring exclusively in neuropathic foot of Leprosy and being influenced by several factors among which the disease itself and altered biomechanics constitute the main. In this study done on more than fifty cases at the Dr. Bandorawalla Leprosy Hospital, Kondhawa these factors have been studied in detail and it has been found that the increased and abnormal shearing forces constitute one of the major factors both in occurrence and progression of T.D. Treatment based mainly on the conservative lines is thus aimed at minimizing these forces which occur during the heel-toe pattern gait. Depending upon the severity of the case immobilization, periodic check x-rays, graded weight bearing and suitable modified footwear appliance is recommended. A Fixed Ankle Brace (FAB) serves well controlling the ankle movements by its rocker action and ultimately reducing the forces occurring during the normal heel-toe pattern. It has also been found that if the case is detected early and treated promptly the process can be controlled satisfactorily. Careful screening in high risk group is stressed and health education emphasized.

A new approach in muscle training to rehabilitate the hand in leprosy.

Rehabilitation of the hand in Leprosy with its deformities and anaesthesia no doubt poses a formidable challenge as far as rehabilitation is concerned. Here we have applied a combination of latest concepts in sports physiology and the exercise followed by the students of ancient Indian martial art known as Krishni Vidya. This exercise consists of crumpling a newspaper sheet with a single hand without any external support. We are unable to explain the type of exercise done by the people before existence of newspaper. They might be using naturally occurring materials for the same like woodbark. With this exercise we have been able to improve the function of the hand remarkably well and the rehabilitation time following surgery is drastically reduced, with function returning close to normalcy. The full function is achieved within four weeks from the date of removal of plaster as compared to eight to ten weeks or more with conventional physical therapy. This full function is not only in mobility but also in co-ordination, static and dynamic strength, speed of movement and flexibility required of a normal hand. 16 patients operated for lumbrical replacement (using sublimis as a motor from the long finger) at the Dr. Bandorawalla Leprosy Hospital were put under the paper crumpling exercise. It was observed that the average time for the achievement of fully close fist was two weeks. (All of them had thumb function intact, i.e. either normal or operated-out of sixteen, four patients were operated for opponens prior to lumbrical replacement).

Observations of tarsal disintegration in the cases operated for foot-drop.

Fifty cases operated for foot-drop during the years 1971-82 were called for follow-up. Out of fifty, twenty cases were reported to the hospital. Three cases among the twenty were found to have changes of tarsal disintegration. The changes were found more confined to the talo-navicular junction. X-ray changes both in non-weight and weight bearing were studied. Their line drawings (tracings from actual radiograph) are presented. It is concluded that due attention should be given to the pre-operative evaluation, operative procedure used and post-operative management particularly the weight-bearing and proper footwear.

Vitamin B12 absorption studies using radioactive vitamin B12: comparison of whole body retention and urinary excretion after flushing dose (Schilling's test).

Vitamin B-12 absorption of 12 healthy young male subjects was determined by using labelled vitamin B-12 by Schilling's test and whole body retention test. The whole body retention test was performed first using low energy Co57 isotope and a week later, Schilling's test was performed. Whole body retention showed a mean absorption of 56.5% while Schilling's test showed mean absorption of 16.9% in the same subjects. Data supports the whole body retention test being more accurate.